Hydroponics: Growing of plants in water containing the essential growth elements. This process is
being used in “glass” houses for intensive “off-season” production of vegetables.
Incubation: A process of holding eggs under controlled conditions of heat and moisture permitting
the fertile eggs to hatch. Chicks require 21 days and turkeys 28 days to hatch.
Integration: Control by a single organization of all or some of the various stages of production.
Lactation Period: The length of time a female gives milk following birth of offspring-usually with
reference to dairy cows and milk goats.
Land Classification: The classification of units of land for the purpose of grouping soil of similar
characteristics, in some cases showing their relative suitability for some specific use.
Layer: A female chicken producing eggs regularly. A good layer should produce between 19 and
20 dozen eggs in 12 months.
Leaching: The process of removal of soluble materials by the passage of water through soil.
Legumes: A type of plant which has nodules formed by bacteria on its roots. The bacteria that
compose these nodules take nitrogen from the air and pass it on into the plant for the plant to use.
Some legumes are alfalfa, soybeans, sweet clover and peanuts.
Litter: A group of offspring born at the same time by one sow.
Livestock: Any domestic animal produced or kept primarily for farm, ranch, or market purposes,
including beef and dairy cattle, hogs, sheep, goats, and horses.
Manure: Generally, the refuse from stables and barnyards including both animal excreta and straw
or other litter.
Mare: Mature female horse.
Marginal Land: Land almost too unproductive to be farmed profitably.
Mastitis: A disease of the cow’s udder resulting from infection by microorganisms. The infection
may be caused by improper milking procedures.
Milk (average composition): Milk contains on the average, the following: Fat-3.9%; Albumin-
.7%; Casin-2.5%; Lactose-5.1%; Mineral matter-.7%; and Water-87.1%.
Nematode: Soil worms of microscopic size. These organisms may attack the root or other
structures of plants and cause extensive damage.
Nitrogen Cycle: The sequence of transformations undergone by nitrogen in its movement from the
free atmosphere into and through soils, into the plants, and eventually back. These biochemical
reactions are largely involved in the growth and metabolism of plants and microorganisms.
Nutrient: A chemical element or compound that is essential for normal body metabolism, growth
and production. Includes: carbohydrates fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water.
Offspring: The progeny of parents.
Omnivore: Animals that eat both animal and plant origin feeds.
Organic Fertilizer: Any fertilizer material containing plant nutrients in combination with carbon.
Pasteurization: A process of treatment of milk through heat that kills all harmful bacteria, without
changing its physical or chemical composition.
Permanent Wilting Point: That point at which a plant is dried so badly that even though put into a
humid atmosphere and watered, it will no longer recover.
Pest: Any organism injuring plants or plant products.
pH: A scale of measurement by which the acidity or alkalinity of soil or water is rated. A pH of
6 to 7.5 is considered “ideal” for most agricultural crops. Each plant (specie-type), however, has
its own “ideal” pH range.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Acid Range Neutral Alkali Range
being used in “glass” houses for intensive “off-season” production of vegetables.
Incubation: A process of holding eggs under controlled conditions of heat and moisture permitting
the fertile eggs to hatch. Chicks require 21 days and turkeys 28 days to hatch.
Integration: Control by a single organization of all or some of the various stages of production.
Lactation Period: The length of time a female gives milk following birth of offspring-usually with
reference to dairy cows and milk goats.
Land Classification: The classification of units of land for the purpose of grouping soil of similar
characteristics, in some cases showing their relative suitability for some specific use.
Layer: A female chicken producing eggs regularly. A good layer should produce between 19 and
20 dozen eggs in 12 months.
Leaching: The process of removal of soluble materials by the passage of water through soil.
Legumes: A type of plant which has nodules formed by bacteria on its roots. The bacteria that
compose these nodules take nitrogen from the air and pass it on into the plant for the plant to use.
Some legumes are alfalfa, soybeans, sweet clover and peanuts.
Litter: A group of offspring born at the same time by one sow.
Livestock: Any domestic animal produced or kept primarily for farm, ranch, or market purposes,
including beef and dairy cattle, hogs, sheep, goats, and horses.
Manure: Generally, the refuse from stables and barnyards including both animal excreta and straw
or other litter.
Mare: Mature female horse.
Marginal Land: Land almost too unproductive to be farmed profitably.
Mastitis: A disease of the cow’s udder resulting from infection by microorganisms. The infection
may be caused by improper milking procedures.
Milk (average composition): Milk contains on the average, the following: Fat-3.9%; Albumin-
.7%; Casin-2.5%; Lactose-5.1%; Mineral matter-.7%; and Water-87.1%.
Nematode: Soil worms of microscopic size. These organisms may attack the root or other
structures of plants and cause extensive damage.
Nitrogen Cycle: The sequence of transformations undergone by nitrogen in its movement from the
free atmosphere into and through soils, into the plants, and eventually back. These biochemical
reactions are largely involved in the growth and metabolism of plants and microorganisms.
Nutrient: A chemical element or compound that is essential for normal body metabolism, growth
and production. Includes: carbohydrates fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water.
Offspring: The progeny of parents.
Omnivore: Animals that eat both animal and plant origin feeds.
Organic Fertilizer: Any fertilizer material containing plant nutrients in combination with carbon.
Pasteurization: A process of treatment of milk through heat that kills all harmful bacteria, without
changing its physical or chemical composition.
Permanent Wilting Point: That point at which a plant is dried so badly that even though put into a
humid atmosphere and watered, it will no longer recover.
Pest: Any organism injuring plants or plant products.
pH: A scale of measurement by which the acidity or alkalinity of soil or water is rated. A pH of
6 to 7.5 is considered “ideal” for most agricultural crops. Each plant (specie-type), however, has
its own “ideal” pH range.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Acid Range Neutral Alkali Range
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