Forage: Vegetable matter, fresh or preserved, which is gathered and fed to animals as roughage
(e.g., alfalfa hay, corn silage, or other hay crops).
Gelding: A male horse that has been castrated before having reached sexual maturity.
Goats:
Angora Breed: Kept for meat and mohair products and grazing brushy areas of range.
Dairy Breeds: Kept for milk products primarily, also meat. American Lamoncha, French Alpine,
Nubian, Saanen, and Toggenburg.
Buck: Male Goat.
Chevon: Meat from young goats.
Doe: female goat.
Kid: Young, immature goat, either sex.
Kidding: Parturition of the pregnant female goat.
Grade: An animal of common or mixed breeding; and animal which is not a purebred. Such an
animal is ineligible for registration though it usually exhibits some purebred characteristics.
1. Quality Grades for Beef-based on conformation, finish, and quality:
US Prime US Commercial
US Choice US Utility
US Good US Cutter
US Standard US Canner
2. Yield Grades for Beef- based on the expected yield (curability) of trimmed, boneless major retail
cuts:
YG 1 (best) YG 4
YG 2 YG 5 (poorest)
YG 3
3. Quality Grades for lamb are US Prime, US Choice, US Good, US Utility and US Cull.
Yield Grades for lamb are the same as for beef.
4. Yield Grades for lamb are the same as for beef.
5. USDA Grades for slaughter hogs and pork carcasses combine Quality and Yield into one
designated grade. These are US 1, US 2, US 3, US 4 and Utility.
Grade A Dairy: A dairy that produces market milk (for human drinking purposes) under state
approved sanitation conditions according to state controlled pooling laws. Milking barn and milk-
handling equipment must meet certain State regulations.
Grade B Dairy: A dairy that produces milk for use in making cheese, ice cream and condensed and
powdered milk. Sanitation requirements are not as strict as for Grade A production. The milk cannot
be sold for fresh market consumption.
Gravitational Water: Water that either runs off or percolates through a soil. Not available for use
by plants.
Green Manure: Any crop or plant grown and plowed under to improve the soil, by addition of
organic matter and the subsequent release of plant nutrients, especially nitrogen.
Heifer: Young (less than 3 years) female of the cattle species that has not borne a calf.
Herbivore: Animals that eat plant origin feeds only.
Horizontal Integration: The combining of two or more similar functions under one decision
making body. A farmer who acquires and manages another farm as a separate unit and a canner that
builds or acquires a cannery in another area are examples of horizontal integration.
Humus: The well decomposed, relatively stable portion of the organic matter in a soil.
(e.g., alfalfa hay, corn silage, or other hay crops).
Gelding: A male horse that has been castrated before having reached sexual maturity.
Goats:
Angora Breed: Kept for meat and mohair products and grazing brushy areas of range.
Dairy Breeds: Kept for milk products primarily, also meat. American Lamoncha, French Alpine,
Nubian, Saanen, and Toggenburg.
Buck: Male Goat.
Chevon: Meat from young goats.
Doe: female goat.
Kid: Young, immature goat, either sex.
Kidding: Parturition of the pregnant female goat.
Grade: An animal of common or mixed breeding; and animal which is not a purebred. Such an
animal is ineligible for registration though it usually exhibits some purebred characteristics.
1. Quality Grades for Beef-based on conformation, finish, and quality:
US Prime US Commercial
US Choice US Utility
US Good US Cutter
US Standard US Canner
2. Yield Grades for Beef- based on the expected yield (curability) of trimmed, boneless major retail
cuts:
YG 1 (best) YG 4
YG 2 YG 5 (poorest)
YG 3
3. Quality Grades for lamb are US Prime, US Choice, US Good, US Utility and US Cull.
Yield Grades for lamb are the same as for beef.
4. Yield Grades for lamb are the same as for beef.
5. USDA Grades for slaughter hogs and pork carcasses combine Quality and Yield into one
designated grade. These are US 1, US 2, US 3, US 4 and Utility.
Grade A Dairy: A dairy that produces market milk (for human drinking purposes) under state
approved sanitation conditions according to state controlled pooling laws. Milking barn and milk-
handling equipment must meet certain State regulations.
Grade B Dairy: A dairy that produces milk for use in making cheese, ice cream and condensed and
powdered milk. Sanitation requirements are not as strict as for Grade A production. The milk cannot
be sold for fresh market consumption.
Gravitational Water: Water that either runs off or percolates through a soil. Not available for use
by plants.
Green Manure: Any crop or plant grown and plowed under to improve the soil, by addition of
organic matter and the subsequent release of plant nutrients, especially nitrogen.
Heifer: Young (less than 3 years) female of the cattle species that has not borne a calf.
Herbivore: Animals that eat plant origin feeds only.
Horizontal Integration: The combining of two or more similar functions under one decision
making body. A farmer who acquires and manages another farm as a separate unit and a canner that
builds or acquires a cannery in another area are examples of horizontal integration.
Humus: The well decomposed, relatively stable portion of the organic matter in a soil.
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