Bushel: A unit of dry measure (1 cubic foot) for grain, fruit, etc., equivalent to 8 gallgons of liquid.
Weight varies with the density/bulk of the commodity. Example: Oats weigh 32 lbs. Per
bu.; barley, 46 lbs. Per bu.; and corn, 56 lbs,. Per bu.
Calf: Young (up to yearling or sexual maturity) animal of the bovine species.
Cash Crop: Any crop that is sold off the farm to yield ready cash.
Certified Seed: Seed grown from pure stock which meets the standards of certifying agency
(usually a state government agency). Certification is based on germination, freedom from weeds
and disease, and trueness to variety.
Complete Fertilizer: A fertilizer containing the three macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and
Potassium) in sufficient amounts to sustain plant growth.
Compost: Organic residues, or a mixture of organic residues and soil which have been piled,
moistened, and allowed to undergo biological decomposition. Mineral fertilizers are sometimes
added.
Confinement: Livestock kept in “dry-lot” for maximum year-round production. Facilities may be
partial or complete solid floored and enclosed/covered.
Controlled Lighting: Artificial lighting of poultry housing. Increasing or decreasing the number of
hours of light during the day will control sexual maturity, fertility, and molt.
Cooperative: An organization formed for the purpose of production and marketing of goods or
products owned collectively by members who share in the benefits. Most common examples in
agriculture are canneries and creameries.
Crop Rotation: More or less regular recurrent succession of different crops on the same land for
the purpose of maintaining good yields.
CWT: Hundredweight or 100 pounds.
Double Crop: Two different crops grown on the same area in one growing season.
Drainage: The removal of excess surface water or excess water from within the soil by means of
surface or sub-surface drains.
Drilling: The process of opening the soil to receive the seed, planting the seed and covering it in a
single operation.
Dry Cow: A cow that is not producing milk, the period before the next calving and lactation.
Dry Land Farming: The practice of crop production without irrigation.
Erosion: The wearing away of the land surface, usually by running water or wind.
Feed Lots:
1. Dry Lot Feeding: Feeding process wherein cattle are confined in a small area and fed carefully
mixed, high-concentrate feed to fatten them.
2. Farm Feed Lot: Where cattle feeding is complementary with other farming enterprises.
3. Commercial Where cattle are fed for others on a custom basis. Feed usually is
Feed Lot: purchased, labor is hired.
Fertilization: The union of pollen with an egg to form an embryo.
FFA: Future Farmers of America-an organization for high school students studying vocational
agriculture.
4-H: Club for boys and girls sponsored by the Agricultural Extension Service to foster better
agriculture and homemaking. The 4-H’s stand for Head, Heart, Hands, and Health. Members are
9 to 19 years of age.
Field Capacity: The moisture content of soil in the field as measured two or three days after a
thorough wetting of a well-drained soil by rain or irrigation water.
Weight varies with the density/bulk of the commodity. Example: Oats weigh 32 lbs. Per
bu.; barley, 46 lbs. Per bu.; and corn, 56 lbs,. Per bu.
Calf: Young (up to yearling or sexual maturity) animal of the bovine species.
Cash Crop: Any crop that is sold off the farm to yield ready cash.
Certified Seed: Seed grown from pure stock which meets the standards of certifying agency
(usually a state government agency). Certification is based on germination, freedom from weeds
and disease, and trueness to variety.
Complete Fertilizer: A fertilizer containing the three macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and
Potassium) in sufficient amounts to sustain plant growth.
Compost: Organic residues, or a mixture of organic residues and soil which have been piled,
moistened, and allowed to undergo biological decomposition. Mineral fertilizers are sometimes
added.
Confinement: Livestock kept in “dry-lot” for maximum year-round production. Facilities may be
partial or complete solid floored and enclosed/covered.
Controlled Lighting: Artificial lighting of poultry housing. Increasing or decreasing the number of
hours of light during the day will control sexual maturity, fertility, and molt.
Cooperative: An organization formed for the purpose of production and marketing of goods or
products owned collectively by members who share in the benefits. Most common examples in
agriculture are canneries and creameries.
Crop Rotation: More or less regular recurrent succession of different crops on the same land for
the purpose of maintaining good yields.
CWT: Hundredweight or 100 pounds.
Double Crop: Two different crops grown on the same area in one growing season.
Drainage: The removal of excess surface water or excess water from within the soil by means of
surface or sub-surface drains.
Drilling: The process of opening the soil to receive the seed, planting the seed and covering it in a
single operation.
Dry Cow: A cow that is not producing milk, the period before the next calving and lactation.
Dry Land Farming: The practice of crop production without irrigation.
Erosion: The wearing away of the land surface, usually by running water or wind.
Feed Lots:
1. Dry Lot Feeding: Feeding process wherein cattle are confined in a small area and fed carefully
mixed, high-concentrate feed to fatten them.
2. Farm Feed Lot: Where cattle feeding is complementary with other farming enterprises.
3. Commercial Where cattle are fed for others on a custom basis. Feed usually is
Feed Lot: purchased, labor is hired.
Fertilization: The union of pollen with an egg to form an embryo.
FFA: Future Farmers of America-an organization for high school students studying vocational
agriculture.
4-H: Club for boys and girls sponsored by the Agricultural Extension Service to foster better
agriculture and homemaking. The 4-H’s stand for Head, Heart, Hands, and Health. Members are
9 to 19 years of age.
Field Capacity: The moisture content of soil in the field as measured two or three days after a
thorough wetting of a well-drained soil by rain or irrigation water.
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